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2d
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This is an abbreviation
of the term Two Dimensional. It is used to describe shapes drawn on a flat
surface such as paper which have no volume.
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3d
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This is an abbreviation
of the term Three Dimensional. It is
used to describe shapes which take up space, ie
they have volume.
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Angle
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The distance, measured
in degree between two lines.
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Apex
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The highest point of a
geometric shahpe.
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Arc, circle
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This is the length of
the portion of circumference of the circle created between two radii.
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Area
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The amount of space
contained within the perimeter of a shape.
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Block/Box
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The 3d form of a
rectangle or square.
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Circle
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A closed curve where
all points are an equal distance from the center point.
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Circumference
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A term given to the
perimeter of a closed curve.
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Cone
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A 3d shape created by a
circular base a triangles.
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Congruent
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Two shapes that are the
same size and shape are congruent.
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Cube
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A three dimensional
shape created by squares. It has six
sides.
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Cylinder
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A 3d shape created by
two equal sized circles and lines of equal length connecting them.
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Diameter
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This is the distance
from one side of a circle to the other which also goes through the center
point.
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Formula
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This is an equation
written in the form of X = Y where X is the information you are looking for
and Y is the standard calculation including variables required to achieve X.
A formula can be difficult to establish, but once established this work does
not have to be repeated every time the problem arises.
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Hemisphere
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Half a sphere.
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Hexagon
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A polygon with six
sides and six vertices.
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Oblique Cylinder
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A cylinder that does
not stand at a right angle from its base.
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Oblique Prism
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A prism that does not
stand at a right angle from its base.
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Octagon
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A polygon with eight
sides and eight vertices.
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Parallel
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Two or more lines that
never touch through infinity.
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Parallelogram
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A four sided figure
constructed with two sets of parallel lines.
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Pentagon
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Any five sided polygon.
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Perimeter
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The length of all sides
of a polygon added together.
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Perpendicular Height
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This is the height of
an object measured from its base to its highest point at an angle 90 degrees.
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Pi
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Pi is a constant in
math. It is approximately 3.14159. It
is the ratio between a circles circumference and diameter.
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Polygon
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A figure created by any
number of straight lines meeting at any angle, that
is closed.
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Polyhedron
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A three dimensional
shape composed of flat faces with straight edges.
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Prism
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A three dimensional
shape composed of two flat faces joined by sides that are perpendicular to
them.
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Pyramid
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A three dimensional
shape composed of a regular polygon (usually a square) with its face composed
of congruent triangles joined at the apex of the pyramid.
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Quadrilateral
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A shape composed of
four lines which is closed.
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Radian
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An alternative method
of angle measurement. It is equal to 180/π
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Radius
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A line segment of a
circle drawn from the center to its perimeter.
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Radii
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The plural form of
radius.
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Rectangle
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A quadrilateral shape
where opposite sides are equal in length, and all angles are 90 degrees
(right angles).
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Rhombus
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A four sided polygon
with all four sides equal in length.
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Right Angle
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90 degree angle.
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Sector
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A portion of a circle
created by two radii and an arc.
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Semicircle
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A two dimensional shape
that is half a circle. Because it is
half a circle, the arc of a semi circle always measures 180 degrees.
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Sphere
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A three dimensional
shape, where all points on the surface are an equal distance from the spheres
center point (radii). The center point
of a sphere is not part of the sphere.
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Square
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A polygon composed of
four equal sides and angles.
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Surface Area
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Is the amount of an
object you can see.
A useful way to think of this, is to consider
how much material is required to make the shape.
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Trapezoid
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A quadrilateral where
two sides are parallel.
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Triangle
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A two dimensional shape
composed of three lines of any length, joined at any angle.
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Triangle (right angled)
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A triangle, where two
of the line join at 90 degrees.
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Vertex
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A point where two lines
of a polygon meet.
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Volume
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How much space a three
dimensional shape occupies. A good way
to consider volume is to ask, how much water a 3d shape can hold.
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